Контрольная работа по английскому языку (КР 2)

Краткое описание

Text. 1

Translate the text into Russian. 

Lower courts in the USA

The lowest courts in the federal system are the District Courts with about two hundred district judges. These courts handle both civil and criminal cases that come under the jurisdiction of the federal laws. By the Constitution they are required to give a jury trial in all except civil cases involving less than twenty dollars.

The district courts have original jurisdiction in all cases. Criminal cases are tried by a judge sitting with a jury whose duty is to hear the evidence, the speeches of prosecuting and defending counsel and the speech of the judge.

Then the jury must reach a unanimous decision as to whether the accused is guilty or not of the crime he is charged with. A trial jury must consist of twelve persons.

Each state of the USA has at least one district court. And each court has from one to twenty four judges.

Besides, all the states have their own courts, including a Supreme Court, superior courts and local courts. In most states the lowest courts are the magistrate or police courts.

The judge or magistrate of the police court can send a drunk to jail for thirty days, or fine a motorist for speeding, without the aid of jury. The magistrate may also have authority to receive a man accused of murder and decide whether to hold him for trial in a higher court.

Exercise. 1

Write and read the two degrees of comparison of these words.

low__________________________________________

high _________________________________________

little _________________________________________

many________________________________________

independent_____________________________________

faithful _________________________________________

sincere _________________________________________

complicated______________________________________

Exercise. 2

Insert correct articles

1. ... lowest courts in ... federal system of ... USA are ... District Courts.

2. They handle various cases that come under ... jurisdiction of ... federal laws.

3. ... USA is ... federal republic.

4. ... Constitution says in what cases ... district courts are required to give ... jury trial.

5. Criminal cases are usually tried by ... judge and ... jury.

6. ... jury must reach ... unanimous decision as to whether ... accused is guilty or not.

Exercise. 3

Write the definitions of the following words:

district judge

jury

prosecuting counsel

defending counsel

Text. 2

Translate the text into Russian. 

 

The judicial system of the USA

The head of the judicial power is the Supreme Court. It consists of the Chief Justice and eight Associate Justices appointed for life by the President with the approval by the Senate. One of the most important duties of Justices is to decide whether laws passed by Congress agree with the Constitution. If the Supreme Court decides that the Constitution does not give Congress the power to pass a certain law, the Court declares the law unconstitutional. Such a law cannot be enforced by the President and his executive officers.

The Court of Appeals has only appellate jurisdiction. It works in the District of Columbia and ten circuits into which the country has been divided.

The marshals are the oldest law enforcement agency in the United States. Each marshal is appointed by the President of the USA with advice and consent of the US Senate. The appointment is for a period of four years. Marshals do not wear uniform. There are about seven hundred US marshals in the United States. The marshals work in federal courts, serve federal processes, transport federal prisoners and have powers to arrest in federal cases. The activities of marshals are supervised and directed by the Attorney-General.

The office of the United States Attorney-General was established in 1789. The purpose of the office was to enforce federal laws. The Attorney-General is the head of the US Department of Justice.

Exercise. 4

Use these words in the following sentences

unconstitutional

appellate

Supreme

executive Associate 

Chief

1. The head of the judicial power of the USA is the ... Court.

2. The Court is made up of the ... Justice and eight... Justices.

3. If the Constitution does not give Congress the power to pass a certain law, the Court declares the law ...

4. Unconstitutional laws cannot be enforced by the President and his ... officers.

5. The Court of Appeals has only ... jurisdiction.

Exercise. 5

Say in what meanings these two words are used in the text:

enforcement

1) принудительное применение (права, закона); правоприменение; полицейское правоприменение; патрульная полиция

2) принудительное осуществление или взыскание по суду

3) принудительное обеспечение соблюдения, исполнения; принуждение к исполнению; принудительное проведение в жизнь; обеспечение правовой санкцией

4) принуждение к выполнению требований гангстерской банды

executive

1) исполнительная власть, правительство

2) глава исполнительной власти; президент; губернатор штата

3) управляющий, член правления/совета управляющих корпорации

4) исполнительный, административный

Exercise. 6

Answer the following questions:

1. Did you know what the word marshal meant?

2. What are the main responsibilities of marshals in the USA?

3. Do they wear uniform?

4. Who appoints them?

5. For what period are they appointed?

6. Who supervises their work?

Agree or disagree:

1. Marshal is a police rank in the USA.

2. The Attorney General heads the federal police in the USA.